Golf Grand Slam (USA)
The Grand Slam in golf is winning all the golf's major championships in the same calendar year.
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The Men's Grand Slam
The Grand Slam in men's golf is an unofficial concept, having changed over time. In the modern era, The Grand Slam is generally considered to be winning all four of golf's major championships in the same calendar year. Before The Masters was founded, the national amateur championships of the US and the UK were considered majors along with the two national opens; only Bobby Jones has ever completed a grand slam. No man has ever achieved a modern grand slam, Tiger Woods being the closest in winning all four consecutively but over two calendar years.
The term also refers to a tour tournament, the PGA Grand Slam of Golf, an annual off season tournament contested by the winners of the four major championships.
In annual playing order, the modern major championships are:
The modern definition could not be applied until at least 1934, when the Masters was founded, and still carried little weight in 1953 when Ben Hogan, after winning the Masters, the U.S. Open and The Open Championship, could not compete in the PGA Championship; the nearly concurrent PGA Championship and The Open Championship and the state of transatlantic travel made completing the Grand Slam impossible. Hogan is the only player to have won The Masters, the U.S. Open and The Open Championship in the same calendar year.
According to Arnold Palmer's autobiography, "A Golfer's Life," in 1960 he (already having won the Masters and the U.S. Open that year) and his friend Bob Drum (of the Pittsburgh Press) on the trans-Atlantic flight to The Open Championship at St Andrews came up with the idea that adding the The Open Championship and PGA Championship titles that summer would constitute a modern Grand Slam. Drum spread the notion among the gathered media and it caught on.
Tiger Woods has come closest to meeting the modern definition of golf's Grand Slam by holding all four modern major championships simultaneously — the U.S. Open, The Open Championship and the PGA Championship in 2000 and the 2001 Masters — although not in the same calendar year. This has been referred to as a Consecutive Grand Slam or, after the only player to achieve it, a Tiger Slam. In fact, even before Woods accomplished this, there was much debate over the definition of "Grand Slam". Fred Couples said "I don't know how I can put it more simply...if he wins all four, it's a Slam". As noted above, however, because there is no official definition, there is no definitive answer.
Only five golfers have won all four of golf's modern Majors at any time during their careers, an achievement which is often referred to as a Career Grand Slam: Gene Sarazen, Ben Hogan, Gary Player, Jack Nicklaus, and Tiger Woods. Woods and Nicklaus not only have a Career Grand Slam, they have won each of the four Majors three times.
A number of dominant players of their eras have failed to achieve the Career Grand Slam because of their inability to win a particular major. Sam Snead failed to win a U.S. Open; Arnold Palmer and Tom Watson failed to win a PGA Championship; Lee Trevino failed to win The Masters; Byron Nelson and Raymond Floyd failed to win the Open Championship, at which the former competed only once. These shortcomings have been attributed to various factors: a particular major is ill-suited to a player's game (this was cited especially with regard to Trevino and The Masters); the player lacked the ability to fully adapt to that major; the player simply experienced bad luck; or war had led to the cancellation of a major during the player's prime.
^ Hagen co-holds the all-time record of five PGA Championship victories, which he shares with Jack Nicklaus, but all of his occurred during match-play.
∞ Barnes never got the chance to play in The Masters Tournament during his career, as it was established in 1934. He did, however, win three Western Open titles, which were considered as majors in the pre-War era of golf. Walter Hagen and Tommy Armour did compete in the Masters, toward the end of their careers, without success, but were also Western Open champions in the pre-Masters era, Hagen on five occasions between 1916 and 1932 and Armour in 1929.
The term also refers to a tour tournament, the PGA Grand Slam of Golf, an annual off season tournament contested by the winners of the four major championships.
In annual playing order, the modern major championships are:
- April - Masters Tournament (weekend ending 2nd Sunday in April) - hosted as an invitational by and played at Augusta National Golf Club
- June - U.S. Open (weekend ending with the 3rd Sunday in June) - hosted by the USGA and played at various locations in the USA
- July - The Open Championship (The Open; usually called the "British Open" in the U.S.) (weekend containing the 3rd Friday in July) - hosted by The R&A and always played on a links course at various locations in the UK
- August - PGA Championship (USPGA) (4th weekend after The Open) - hosted by the Professional Golfers' Association of America and played at various locations in the USA.
This victory, the fourth major title in the same season and in the space of four months, had now and for all time entrenched Bobby Jones safely within the 'Impregnable Quadrilateral of Golf,' that granite fortress that he alone could take by escalade, and that others may attack in vain, forever.Jones remains the only man to have achieved the grand slam, since before the creation of The Masters and the advent of the professional era, the amateur championships were considered major championships.
The modern definition could not be applied until at least 1934, when the Masters was founded, and still carried little weight in 1953 when Ben Hogan, after winning the Masters, the U.S. Open and The Open Championship, could not compete in the PGA Championship; the nearly concurrent PGA Championship and The Open Championship and the state of transatlantic travel made completing the Grand Slam impossible. Hogan is the only player to have won The Masters, the U.S. Open and The Open Championship in the same calendar year.
According to Arnold Palmer's autobiography, "A Golfer's Life," in 1960 he (already having won the Masters and the U.S. Open that year) and his friend Bob Drum (of the Pittsburgh Press) on the trans-Atlantic flight to The Open Championship at St Andrews came up with the idea that adding the The Open Championship and PGA Championship titles that summer would constitute a modern Grand Slam. Drum spread the notion among the gathered media and it caught on.
Tiger Woods has come closest to meeting the modern definition of golf's Grand Slam by holding all four modern major championships simultaneously — the U.S. Open, The Open Championship and the PGA Championship in 2000 and the 2001 Masters — although not in the same calendar year. This has been referred to as a Consecutive Grand Slam or, after the only player to achieve it, a Tiger Slam. In fact, even before Woods accomplished this, there was much debate over the definition of "Grand Slam". Fred Couples said "I don't know how I can put it more simply...if he wins all four, it's a Slam". As noted above, however, because there is no official definition, there is no definitive answer.
Only five golfers have won all four of golf's modern Majors at any time during their careers, an achievement which is often referred to as a Career Grand Slam: Gene Sarazen, Ben Hogan, Gary Player, Jack Nicklaus, and Tiger Woods. Woods and Nicklaus not only have a Career Grand Slam, they have won each of the four Majors three times.
A number of dominant players of their eras have failed to achieve the Career Grand Slam because of their inability to win a particular major. Sam Snead failed to win a U.S. Open; Arnold Palmer and Tom Watson failed to win a PGA Championship; Lee Trevino failed to win The Masters; Byron Nelson and Raymond Floyd failed to win the Open Championship, at which the former competed only once. These shortcomings have been attributed to various factors: a particular major is ill-suited to a player's game (this was cited especially with regard to Trevino and The Masters); the player lacked the ability to fully adapt to that major; the player simply experienced bad luck; or war had led to the cancellation of a major during the player's prime.
Career Grand Slam
Deceased golfer † |
Most overall ‡ |
Pre-Masters Era
Player | GS Titles | Grand Slams | U.S. Amateur | U.S. Open | The Open | The Amateur |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bobby Jones † | 13 | 1: 1930 | 5: 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1930 ‡ | 4: 1923, 1926, 1929, 1930 ‡ | 3: 1926, 1927, 1930 | 1: 1930 |
Masters Era
Player | GS Titles | Career Slams | Masters | U.S. Open | The Open | PGA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jack Nicklaus | 18 ‡ | 3 ‡ | 6: 1963, 1965, 1966, 1972, 1975, 1986 ‡ | 4: 1962, 1967, 1972, 1980 ‡ | 3: 1966, 1970, 1978 | 5: 1963, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1980‡ |
Tiger Woods | 14 | 3 ‡ | 4: 1997, 2001, 2002, 2005 | 3: 2000, 2002, 2008 | 3: 2000, 2005, 2006 | 4: 1999, 2000, 2006, 2007 |
Ben Hogan † | 9 | 1 | 2: 1951, 1953 | 4: 1948, 1950, 1951, 1953 ‡ | 1: 1953 | 2: 1946, 1948 |
Gary Player | 9 | 1 | 3: 1961, 1974, 1978 | 1: 1965 | 3: 1959, 1968, 1974 | 2: 1962, 1972 |
Gene Sarazen † | 7 | 1 | 1: 1935 | 2: 1922, 1932 | 1: 1932 | 3: 1922, 1923, 1933 |
Men's Missing Major
Player | Major Missing | GS Titles |
---|---|---|
Walter Hagen † ^ ∞ | Masters Tournament | 11 |
Jim Barnes † ∞ | Masters Tournament | 4 |
Lee Trevino | Masters Tournament | 6 |
/ Tommy Armour † ∞ | Masters Tournament | 3 |
Sam Snead † | U.S. Open | 7 |
Harold Hilton † | U.S. Open | 7 |
Byron Nelson † | The Open Championship | 5 |
Raymond Floyd | The Open Championship | 4 |
Tom Watson | PGA Championship | 8 |
Arnold Palmer | PGA Championship | 7 |
∞ Barnes never got the chance to play in The Masters Tournament during his career, as it was established in 1934. He did, however, win three Western Open titles, which were considered as majors in the pre-War era of golf. Walter Hagen and Tommy Armour did compete in the Masters, toward the end of their careers, without success, but were also Western Open champions in the pre-Masters era, Hagen on five occasions between 1916 and 1932 and Armour in 1929.
The Women's Grand Slam
Women's golf also has a set of majors. No woman has completed a four-major Grand Slam, but Babe Zaharias won all three majors contested in 1950 and Sandra Haynie won both majors in 1974.
Six women have completed the Career Grand Slam by winning four different majors. There are variations in the set of four tournaments involved as the players played in different eras, and the women's tournaments defined as "majors" have varied considerably over time in a way that has not been paralleled in the men's game. The six are Pat Bradley, Juli Inkster, Annika Sörenstam, Louise Suggs, Karrie Webb, and Mickey Wright. Webb is separately recognized by the LPGA as its only "Super Career Grand Slam" winner, as she is the only one of the group to have won five different tournaments recognized as majors.
Although other women's tours, notably the Ladies European Tour (LET) and the LPGA of Japan Tour, recognize a different set of "majors", the U.S. LPGA is so dominant in global women's golf that the phrase "women's majors", without further qualification, is almost universally considered as a reference to the U.S. LPGA majors.
The five current major championships are:
Patty Berg is the all-time record holder of the most Titleholders and Women's Western Open victories.
Amy Alcott is tied for the most all-time Kraft Nabisco Championships wins.
Betsy King is tied for the most all-time Kraft Nabisco Championships wins.
Betsy Rawls is tied for the most all-time U.S. Women's Open wins. NOTE: Mallon won two more Canadian Women's Open championships after it was replaced by the Women's British Open.
Six women have completed the Career Grand Slam by winning four different majors. There are variations in the set of four tournaments involved as the players played in different eras, and the women's tournaments defined as "majors" have varied considerably over time in a way that has not been paralleled in the men's game. The six are Pat Bradley, Juli Inkster, Annika Sörenstam, Louise Suggs, Karrie Webb, and Mickey Wright. Webb is separately recognized by the LPGA as its only "Super Career Grand Slam" winner, as she is the only one of the group to have won five different tournaments recognized as majors.
Although other women's tours, notably the Ladies European Tour (LET) and the LPGA of Japan Tour, recognize a different set of "majors", the U.S. LPGA is so dominant in global women's golf that the phrase "women's majors", without further qualification, is almost universally considered as a reference to the U.S. LPGA majors.
The five current major championships are:
- March/April—The Kraft Nabisco Championship (week ending in the first Sunday of April)—Founded by Dinah Shore, it is most remembered for the winners taking a "lake jump" into the water surrounding the 18th green, also called the "Green Jacket of the LPGA" in reference to the ceremony held at The Masters. It shares another trait with The Masters—it is held at the same venue every year, Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California.
- June—The Wegmans LPGA Championship (historically held in the week ending on the second Sunday in June; since 2010, finishing on the last Sunday of June)—hosted by the LPGA and played at various courses throughout its tenure (by picking a course and sticking there for a few years); since 2010, it has been held at Locust Hill Country Club in the Rochester suburb of Pittsford, New York.
- June/July—The U.S. Women's Open (historically three weeks after the LPGA Championship; in 2010, the week after and in 2011 two weeks after)—Hosted by the USGA, it is held at various golf courses around the nation. It is considered by some to be the biggest major in the LPGA circuit, despite the fact it is not sanctioned by the Ladies European Tour. It is held at various courses throughout the United States.
- July/August—The Ricoh Women's British Open (historically the week of the first Sunday of August; since 2009, three weeks after the U.S. Women's Open)—It is hosted by the Ladies' Golf Union and has been hosted at a links course since 2002. 2007 marked the first time it was held at what is considered by many to be the greatest golf course in the world, and certainly the most historic, the Old Course at St Andrews. The 2012 edition was held in September to avoid conflict with the 2012 Summer Olympics in London; in 2013, it will return to its traditional July/August date. Before 2013, this was the only championship sanctioned as a major by both the LPGA and the LET.
- September—The Evian Championship, an event held in France that was historically known as the Evian Masters, became the LPGA's fifth major championship in 2013. The tournament has been an LET major since its inception in 1994, and was sanctioned as a regular LPGA tour event from 2000 to 2012.
Women's Career Grand Slam
Deceased golfer † |
Most overall ‡ |
Super Grand Slam
Player | Kraft Nabisco Championship | LPGA Championship | U.S. Women's Open | du Maurier | Women's British Open | GS Titles | GS Times |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karrie Webb | 2: 2000, 2006 | 1: 2001 | 2: 2000, 2001 | 1: 1999 | 1: 2002 | 7 | 1 |
Titleholders/Western Open Era
Player | Women's Western Open | LPGA Championship | U.S. Women's Open | Titleholders Championship | GS Titles | GS Times |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mickey Wright | 3: 1962, 1963, 1966 | 4: 1958, 1960, 1961, 1963 ‡ | 4: 1958, 1959, 1961, 1964 ‡ | 2: 1961, 1962 | 13 | 2 ‡ |
Louise Suggs | 4: 1946, 1947, 1949, 1953 | 1: 1957 | 2: 1949, 1952 | 4: 1946, 1954, 1956, 1959 | 11 | 1 |
du Maurier Classic Era
Player | Kraft Nabisco Championship | LPGA Championship | U.S. Women's Open | du Maurier | GS Titles | GS Times |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Juli Inkster | 2: 1984, 1989 | 2: 1999, 2000 | 2: 1999, 2002 | 1: 1984 | 7 | 1 |
Pat Bradley | 1: 1986 | 1: 1986 | 1: 1981 | 3: 1980, 1985, 1986 ‡ | 6 | 1 |
Women's British Open Championship Era
Player | Kraft Nabisco Championship | LPGA Championship | U.S. Women's Open | Women's British Open | GS Titles | GS Times |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annika Sörenstam | 3: 2001, 2002, 2005 ‡ | 3: 2003, 2004, 2005 | 3: 1995, 1996, 2006 | 1: 2003 | 10 | 1 |
Women's Missing Major
Player | Major(s) Missing | GS Titles |
---|---|---|
Kathy Whitworth | Kraft Nabisco Championship U.S. Women's Open du Maurier | 6 |
Se Ri Pak | Kraft Nabisco Championship | 5 |
Laura Davies | Kraft Nabisco Championship Women's British Open | 4 |
Sandra Haynie | Kraft Nabisco Championship | 4 |
Meg Mallon | Kraft Nabisco Championship Women's British Open | 4 |
Jan Stephenson | Kraft Nabisco Championship | 3 |
Patty Berg † | LPGA Championship | 15 ‡ |
Babe Zaharias † | LPGA Championship | 10 |
Amy Alcott ‡ | LPGA Championship | 5 |
Beverly Hanson | U.S. Women's Open | 3 |
Yani Tseng | U.S. Women's Open | 5 |
Betsy King ‡ | du Maurier Women's British Open | 6 |
Patty Sheehan | du Maurier | 6 |
Betsy Rawls ‡ | Titleholders Championship | 8 |
Patty Berg is the all-time record holder of the most Titleholders and Women's Western Open victories.
Amy Alcott is tied for the most all-time Kraft Nabisco Championships wins.
Betsy King is tied for the most all-time Kraft Nabisco Championships wins.
Betsy Rawls is tied for the most all-time U.S. Women's Open wins. NOTE: Mallon won two more Canadian Women's Open championships after it was replaced by the Women's British Open.
The Senior Grand Slam
Senior (i.e., 50 and over) men's golf also has a set of majors. Like the women's majors, the senior majors are not globally recognized. However, because the U.S.-based Champions Tour (operated by the PGA Tour) overwhelmingly dominates worldwide senior golf, its roster of majors is by far the most widely recognized.
Unlike the mainstream men's and women's (until 2013) Grand Slams, the senior version (as recognized by the Champions Tour) now contains five events, arguably making a senior Grand Slam a greater accomplishment than in mainstream men's or women's golf.
In the current order of play, the five majors are:
The stability of the majors in senior golf falls somewhere between mainstream men's golf and the LPGA:
Jack Nicklaus is the only other player to have completed any era's Career Senior Grand Slam, doing so in his first two years on the Senior Tour. In his first year of eligibility in 1990, he won The Tradition and the Senior Players Championship. The next year, he defended his Tradition title and went on to win the Senior PGA and U.S. Senior Open. However, he failed to defend his Senior Players title and thus missed out on a calendar-year Grand Slam.
Nicklaus is the only player to have won four different senior majors in his career. Although Nicklaus never won The Senior Open, that event was not recognized as a U.S. senior major until 2003, which was also the only year he played the event. Player won The Senior Open three times before 2003, when it was considered a major by the European Senior Tour but not the Senior PGA/Champions Tour.
Unlike the mainstream men's and women's (until 2013) Grand Slams, the senior version (as recognized by the Champions Tour) now contains five events, arguably making a senior Grand Slam a greater accomplishment than in mainstream men's or women's golf.
In the current order of play, the five majors are:
- Senior Players Championship (ending on the day before the U.S. holiday of Memorial Day, observed on the last Monday of May)
- The Tradition (ending on the second Sunday in June)
- Senior PGA Championship (two weeks after The Tradition, ending on either the last Sunday in June or the first Sunday in July)
- U.S. Senior Open (ending on the Sunday in July two weeks before The Senior Open Championship)
- The Senior Open Championship (ending on the last Sunday in July)
The stability of the majors in senior golf falls somewhere between mainstream men's golf and the LPGA:
- The roster of mainstream men's majors has not changed since the concept of the professional "Grand Slam" was generally recognized. The number of tournaments recognized by the LPGA as majors, as well as the identity of these events, has varied considerably over the decades. Two tournaments that were once considered as LPGA majors no longer exist, and a third lost its major status but survives as a regular tour event. In senior golf, the number of majors has changed over the years, but always by the addition of a new major.
- In terms of in-season scheduling, the senior majors have been much less stable than those of mainstream men's golf or the LPGA, especially in recent years. With the exception of a one-off staging of the PGA Championship in February 1971, the mainstream majors have been held in the same order, and in almost exactly the same weeks of the year, since 1969. In women's golf, the scheduling of the majors has stabilized in recent years, with occasional minor changes of dates but no change of order. However, in senior golf, the order of the majors has changed four times since 2006. The Senior Players Championship, held in July in 2006, moved to October in 2007, August in 2011, and May in 2012. The Tradition, previously held in late August, moved to early May in 2011, and to mid-June in 2012. The Senior PGA Championship moved from late May to late June/early July in 2012. The U.S. Senior Open moved from mid-July to August in 2008; it returned to mid-July in 2012. The Senior Open has retained its late-July date throughout this period.
Jack Nicklaus is the only other player to have completed any era's Career Senior Grand Slam, doing so in his first two years on the Senior Tour. In his first year of eligibility in 1990, he won The Tradition and the Senior Players Championship. The next year, he defended his Tradition title and went on to win the Senior PGA and U.S. Senior Open. However, he failed to defend his Senior Players title and thus missed out on a calendar-year Grand Slam.
Nicklaus is the only player to have won four different senior majors in his career. Although Nicklaus never won The Senior Open, that event was not recognized as a U.S. senior major until 2003, which was also the only year he played the event. Player won The Senior Open three times before 2003, when it was considered a major by the European Senior Tour but not the Senior PGA/Champions Tour.
See also
- Men's major golf championships
- Women's major golf championships
- Chronological list of men's major golf champions
- Golfers with most major championship wins
- Triple Crown of Golf
- PGA Grand Slam of Golf - an annual off-season tournament contested by the winners of the four men's major championships